Blood passes through the heart twice per loop. The right side pumps deoxygenated blood (blue) to the lungs; it returns oxygenated to the left side, which pumps it (red) to the body. Valves keep it one-way. ▶ Play.
Arteries carry blood away from the heart at high pressure; veins return it at low pressure (with valves); capillaries are one cell thick for fast exchange. Exception: the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood.
Xylem carries water from roots up to leaves, pulled by transpiration (blue, upward). Phloem carries sugar from leaves (source) to roots/fruits (sink) — translocation (gold). ▶ Play to watch both streams.
Osmosis moves water from high water potential (dilute, left) to low water potential (concentrated, right) across a partially permeable membrane. It makes plant cells turgid — or, in strong solution, plasmolysed. ▶ Play.